{"id":918,"date":"2025-01-01T06:49:10","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T14:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/?page_id=918"},"modified":"2025-01-01T18:19:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T02:19:07","slug":"baptist-distinctives","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/baptist-distinctives\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6d78\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7279\u5f81"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"918\" class=\"elementor elementor-918\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-051a840 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"051a840\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aaa014b\" data-id=\"aaa014b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f26c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7f26c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/300x300-Baptist-Distinctive.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-890\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bab084b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bab084b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f70ba80\" data-id=\"f70ba80\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4d6c17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4d6c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ol><li><strong>\u5b83\u7684\u8d77\u70b9<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ffd\u8ff0\u81f3\u300c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7-\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3-\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7406\u8bba\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0&#8221;\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0&#8221;\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f33:1-6\uff09\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148 \u3002\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7275\u5f3a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u4e0e\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u6094\u6539\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6d78\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u751f\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e666:3-4\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u9f13\u5439\u300c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u6559\u7687\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u800c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5374\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u6d78\u793c\u662f\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002<\/p><p>\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u4e0e\u300c\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u300d\uff08ANA-BAPTIST\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u8c01\u662f\u300c\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u300d\uff1f \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u6539\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u66ff\u4fe1\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u65bd\u884c\u6d78\u793c\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u65f6\u671f\u5df2\u53d7\u4e86\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u53d7\u5230\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u9177\u5211\u3001\u6eba\u6c34\u548c\u711a\u70e7\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u662f\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u9769\u548c\u51c0\u5316\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u610f\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u51c0\u5316\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5723\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u793c\u62dc\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u8377\u5170\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u65bd\u9081\u5fb7(John Smyth)\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e00\u7fa4\u6709\u540c\u6837\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u76d6\u6069\u65af\u4f2f\u52d2(Gainsborough)\u7ec4\u6210\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7acb\u7ea6\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u9075\u5b88\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5faa\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5d07\u5c1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u8457\u91cd\u793c\u62dc\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u65e0\u7279\u6b8a\u5723\u804c\uff0c\u7267\u5e08\u53ca\u6267\u4e8b\u7531\u4f1a\u4f17\u9009\u51fa\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u53ca\u6267\u4e8b\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u4f1a\u4f17\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7531\u4f1a\u53cb\u81ea\u7531\u5949\u732e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7ed9\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> \u65bd\u9081\u5fb7\u88ab\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u5f53\u5c40\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4fbf\u9003\u5230\u8377\u5170\u3002\u5728\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u65bd\u9081\u5fb7\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u5e0c\u5c14\u536b (Thomas Helwys) \u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u6d78\u793c\u3002\u65bd\u9081\u5fb7\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u3007\u4e5d\u5e74\u5728\u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u95f4\u82f1\u6587\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u95f4\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5e0c\u5c14\u536b\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u4e00\u4e00\u5e74\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u53f2\u5fc5\u5ea6\u83f2\u65af(Spitalfields)\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u4ed6\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u4e00\u516d\u5e74\u6b7b\u4e8e\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u662f\u7a46\u767b(John Murton)\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u4e8c\u516d\u5e74\u6b7b\u4e8e\u76d1\u72f1\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a<\/strong> <strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u81ea\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u79cd\u79cd\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u516d\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u4ecd\u6709\u4e94\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u516d\u4e94\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u516d\u516d\u3007\u5e74\u6709\u4e24\u767e\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u8896\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u548c\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ecf\u5e38\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u4e3e\u884c\u3002 \u4e00\u516d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u9898\u4e3a&#8221;\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6cd5&#8221;(The Act of Toleration)\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7ba1\u5236\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u867d\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u8feb\u5bb3\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u76db\u884c\u3002\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u9003\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u907f\u96be\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u7f57\u54f2(William Rogers)\u662f\u9003\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u524d\u5f80\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1639\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u7f57\u54f2\u53cd\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e3b\u5f20\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u3007\u3007\u5e74\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5230\u4e00\u4e03\u4e5d\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e5d\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u4e5d\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> \u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u516b\u4e00\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5dde\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u5341\u4e03\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u540d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5f92\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p><p>\u4e00\u516b\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u5317\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e03\u9053\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5dee\u4f20\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e09\u9879\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e26\u7ed9\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"6\"><li><strong>\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u56e2<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4e00\u516b\u4e09\u516d\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u53d4\u672b\u58eb(JOHN LEWIS SHUNCK) \u5230\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> \u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u4e09\u4e5d\u4e8c\u95f4\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u56db\u4e00\u3007\u95f4\u798f\u97f3\u6240\uff0c\u4f1a\u53cb\u7ea6\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e09\u5343\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> \u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d64\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u88ab\u547d\u4ee4\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u90fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u521d\u671f\u7b80\u53f2<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u65e9\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u3007\u4e94\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c55\u5934\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6563\u5c45\u5404\u5730\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u9648\u79c0\u83b2\u5973\u58eb\u6df1\u5165\u8c03\u67e5\u5c45\u7559\u5728\u69df\u57ce\u53ca\u4e9a\u7f57\u58eb\u6253\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u53cb\u540e\uff0c \u8054\u540c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6797\u4f69\u8f69\u7267\u5e08\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u516b\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\u5728\u5409\u6253\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6f6e\u8bed\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u552f\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u300d\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u540e\u6765\u6613\u540d\u4e3a\u300c\u4e9a\u7f57\u58eb\u6253\u6d78\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4e00\u6279\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5409\u9686\u5761\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u53cb\u5411\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u897f\u6559\u58eb\u987e\u8d1e\u6148(JESSIE GREEN)\u4fbf\u88ab\u5dee\u5728\u5409\u9686\u5761\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u5979\u66fe\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u534e\u5357\u4e8b\u5949\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb2\u4e00\u53e3\u6d41\u5229\u7684\u5e7f\u4e1c\u8bdd\u3002\u5979\u8054\u540c\u7f57\u6069\u5149\u4f20\u9053\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e00\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5409\u9686\u5761\u6d78\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u8054\u4f1a<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6b64\u540e\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5de5\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e94\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u897f\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u987b\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u4f1a\u6765\u534f\u8c03 \u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8054\u4f1a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e09\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u5728\u69df\u57ce\u6210\u7acb\u3002 \u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u8054\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6613\u540d\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8054\u4f1a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u56db\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\u5728\u5b89\u987a\u5f8b\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u53f7\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6709\u4e09\u540d\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u4e94\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u65b0\u9a6c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5efa\u6559\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u57f9\u8bad\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u9662\u5728\u5cc7\u90fd\u4e01\u5b9c\u6d77\u6ee8\u57ce\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u5341\u56db\u82f1\u4ea9\u4e4b\u5730\u6bb5\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5802\u4f1a\u6570\u76ee\u622a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u3007\u5e74<\/strong> <a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\"><strong>[23]<\/strong><\/a><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-728 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-300x203.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture.png 894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"6\"><li><strong>\u7a76\u7adf\u4e94\u5341\u548c\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5357\u9a6c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5de5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff1f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u7ffb\u9605\u81f3\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u4f60\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u5357\u9a6c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u62fc\u56fe\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5357\u9a6c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u81f3\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5c06\u628a\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u5357\u9a6c\uff0c\u800c\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u5c06\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5317\u9a6c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5357\u9a6c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u6709\u5173\uff1f\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"7\"><li><strong>\u65b0\u5c71\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5357\u9a6c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\u88ab\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5973\u7687\u9547\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u9648\u7267\u5e08(PASTOR VICTOR TAN)\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9648\u7267\u5e08\u5bf9\u5357\u9a6c\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u65b0\u5c71\u503c\u5802\u6709\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\u897f\u6559\u58eb\u62c9\u6839\u52a0\u52d2(JARRETT RAGAN)\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5bf9\u592b\u5987\u62c9\u4f2f\u592b\u5987(SID AND ALVINDA REBER)\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u3007\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u516b\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79df\u4e0b\u4e00\u95f4\u5e97\u9762\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u65b0\u5c71\u6d78\u4fe1\u798f\u97f3\u6240(JOHOR BAHRU BAPTIST CHAPEL) \u3002<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u88ab\u8c03\u5230\u65b0\u5c71\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u804c\u548c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6559\u5e08\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u5dee\u4f1a\u4fbf\u770b\u5230\u673a\u4f1a\u8d2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5730\u4ea7\u6765\u5b89\u7f6e\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u65e5\uff0c\u65b0\u5c71\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"8\"><li><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u6570\u76ee<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u636eThomas C.M. Chin\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u622a\u81f3\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516d\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u516d\u5341\u591a\u95f4\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e07\u4e5d\u5343\u591a\u540d\u6210\u5458\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> \u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u9648\u5229\u8d24\u7267\u5e08\u5728\u9a6c\u6d78\u795e\u5b97\u6d3e\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u4e5d\u5341\u95f4\u5802\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e07\u4e5d\u5343\u56db\u767e\u516b\u5341\u516d\u4f1a\u53cb\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-729 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-2-300x177.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-2-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-2-768x454.png 768w, https:\/\/jbbc.my\/cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/II-Picture-2.png 879w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u4e09\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e3b\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e3b\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u4e4b\u9996\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5143\u59cb\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u9996\u5148\u590d\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51e1\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5c45\u9996\u4f4d\u3002\u300d\uff08\u6b4c\u7f57\u897f1:18\uff09<\/p><p>\u300c\u53c8\u5c06\u4e07\u6709\u670d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u811a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e07\u6709\u4e4b\u9996\u3002 \u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u5145\u6ee1\u4e07\u6709\u8005\u6240\u5145\u6ee1\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4ee5\u5f17\u62401:22-23\uff09<\/p><p>\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u8153\u7acb\u6bd4\u4e66\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff0c\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e94\u81f3\u5341\u4e00\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u8bd7\u6b4c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u5341\u67b6\u7684\u5f97\u80dc\u4f7f\u300c\u4e00\u5207\u300d \uff08\u8153\u7acb\u6bd42:10\uff09\u65e0\u4e0d\u53e3\u79f0\u57fa\u7763\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8363\u8000\u5f52\u4e0e\u7236\u795e\uff08\u8153\u7acb\u6bd42:11\uff09\u3002\u795e\u5df2\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\uff0c\u9884\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6db5\u76d6\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a><\/p><p>\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e3b\u300d\u8fd9\u516c\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u6240\u62e5\u62b1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u8153\u7acb\u6bd4\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e5d\u81f3\u5341\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u4e3b\u300d\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u300c\u795e\u5c06\u4ed6\u5347\u4e3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u3002\u300d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e5f\u58f0\u79f0\u300c\u795e\u5df2\u7ecf\u7acb\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u4e86\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f922:36\uff09<\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u771f\u7406\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u727a\u7272\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5f92\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u987d\u56fa\u5730\u575a\u6301\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u8fd8\u6709\u8c01\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff1f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u57fa\u7763\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002<\/p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u88ab\u5c0a\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff1a<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ul><li>\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba<\/li><li>\u7267\u5e08<\/li><li>\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u5934<\/li><li>\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba<\/li><li>\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6216\u6267\u4e8b\u4f1a<\/li><li>\u653f\u5e9c<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u627f\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u627f\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u8981\u5bfb\u6c42\u795e\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p><p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4fbf\u987b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u5bfb\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u5bfb\u6c42\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ee5\u9ad8\u538b\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u5f85\u4f1a\u4f17\uff0c\u8981\u6559\u4f1a\u987a\u4ece\u9ad8\u538b\u9886\u8896\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u9886\u8896\u5e94\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u6765\u670d\u4f8d\u4f17\u4eba\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u6307\u660e\u65b9\u5411\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a><\/p><p>\u4e0d\u5355\u6559\u4f1a\u8981\u6d3b\u5728\u795e\u65e8\u610f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e5f\u5e94\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u91cc\u9075\u968f\u4e3b\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u4e3b\u65b9\u80fd\u5411\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u5429\u5490\u3002\u300c\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u4e3b\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6cdb\u7684\u901a\u5219\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6d3b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5207\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u5f77\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u822c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a> \u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0e\u65f6\u5e76\u8fdb\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4e3b\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u6307\u5f15\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u4ed6\u5f15\u9886\u3002\u6bcf\u95f4\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e2a\u522b\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e3b\u7684\u5e26\u9886\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a><\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u56db\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6240\u79c9\u6301\u5173\u4e8e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ef\u8ffd\u8ff0\u81f3\u4e00\u516d\u4e03\u4e03\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\u5ba3\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u3001\u5145\u5206\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u8bef\u4e4b\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u6551\u6069\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a> \u6b64\u5904\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u552f\u4e00\u300d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u8be0\u91ca\u53ca\u795e\u5b66\u8bba\u8457\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5723\u7ecf,\u5b83\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d27\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7ecf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u968f\u79c1\u610f\u89e3\u8bf4\u7684\uff1b \u56e0\u4e3a\u9884\u8a00\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u88ab\u5723\u7075\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u8bf4\u51fa\u3000\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f7c\u540e1:20-21\uff09<\/p><p>\u300c\u5723\u7ecf\u90fd\u662f\u3000\u795e\u6240\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4e8e\u6559\u8bad\u3001\u7763\u8d23\u3001\u4f7f\u4eba\u5f52\u6b63\u3001\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u5b66\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u5c5e\u3000\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u9884\u5907\u884c\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5584\u4e8b\u3002\u300d\uff08\u63d0\u540e3:16-17\uff09<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5982\u4f55\u634d\u536b\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u53ef\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u53ca\u5fd8\u5374\u3002\u800c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u59cb\u7956\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u53ca\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6743\u5a01\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4ee5\u634d\u536b\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a> \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f20\u7edf(tradition)\u3001\u6559\u6761(dogma)\u6216\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7ecf\u9a8c(continuing experience of revelation)\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u3001\u53d6\u4ee3\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u5723\u7ecf\u5df2\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> \u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5148\u7956\u4eec\u53d1\u6398\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1a\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u53ca\u4fe1\u5f92\u6d17\u793c\u4e3a\u6d78\u793c\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4fe1\u6761<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e00\u5411\u907f\u514d\u7528\u4fe1\u6761(creed)\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> \u300c\u4fe1\u6761\u300d\u8fd9\u5b57\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u300c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> \u4fe1\u6761\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u62d8\u6ce5\u5728\u5b57\u53e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4fe1\u6761\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u89c4\u6765\u58a8\u5b88\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u5b9a\u4e0e\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u552f\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u7ed9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u7814\u8bfb\u800c\u660e\u767d\u7684\u7cbe\u610f\u3002\u4e24\u9879\u539f\u56e0\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6709\u6743\u5229\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4fe1\u5fc3(faith)\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b(laws)\u6216\u793c\u4eea(rites)\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u6346\u7ed1\u4e00\u95f4\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u6761\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u6559\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u6240\u8d77\u8349\uff0c\u5374\u5ba3\u5e03\u8981\u6240\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u9075\u5b88\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a><\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ef4\u62a4\u5bf9\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bfe\u9898\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u89e3\u7ecf\uff0c\u5374\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u4e49\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c \u5982\u4e00\u4e3b\u3001\u4e00\u4fe1\u3001\u4e00\u6d17\u3001\u4e00\u795e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f17\u4eba\u7684\u7236\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u7075\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u671b: <a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>\u300c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7eaf\u6b63\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4fe1\u5f92\u987b\u9605\u8bfb\u5b83\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6307\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u623f\u89d2\u77f3\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9700\u8981<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf \u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5 \u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u901a\u8fc7\u5723\u7ecf\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u663e\u660e\u3002\u5723\u7075\u542f\u8fea\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u4f7f\u5723\u7ecf\u6709\u7528\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u300c\u5723\u7ecf\u540c\u662f\u53ca\u65f6\uff08timely\uff09\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\uff08eternally\uff09\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> \u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong>\u76f8<\/strong><strong>\u4fe1\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u767e\u59d3<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u53cb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u767e\u59d3(the people of the book)\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u53f7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7740\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5934\u8111\u4e0a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u884c\u5728\u795e\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u4e94\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u91cd\u751f<\/strong><strong>\u4f1a\u5458\u5236<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u751f\u4f1a\u53cb\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u8981\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u5b9e\u884c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8054\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u59d4\u5458\u72c4\u67e5\u7406(Charles W. Deweese)\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u6309\u7740\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u8981\u6c42\u4f1a\u53cb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u53cb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5f92\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5df2\u91cd\u751f\u5f97\u6551\u8005\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63a5\u7eb3\u6210\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u5c31\u795e\u5b66\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u795e\u5f53\u521d\u7acb\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u534f\u52a9\u795e\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5b9e\u884c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5373\u6709\u6743\u5229\u4ea6\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u7ef4\u6301\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4f1a\u53cb\u8fbe\u81f3\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u628a\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u548c\u8bda\u4fe1\u611f\u6eb6\u5165\u4f1a\u53cb\u8eab\u4efd\u4e2d\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u624d\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u89c1\u8bc1\u548c\u4e8b\u5de5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u4f1a\u5458\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8054\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u59d4\u5458\u72c4\u67e5\u7406(Charles W. Deweese)\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u4e0a\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u8ddf\u968f\u65b0\u7ea6\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u5851\u9020\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f1a\u53cb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u63a5\u7eb3\u6210\u4e3a\u4f1a\u53cb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u5f53\u4e25\u683c\u7684\uff1b2) \u4fe1\u800c\u53d7\u6d78\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u786e\u7acb\u4f1a\u7c4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u9192\u4f1a\u53cb\u8981\u8fc7\u8457\u6709\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b3) \u4f1a\u53cb\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u6301\u5b88\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5723\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5217\u5404\u9879\u7684\u8981\u6c42; \u5fe0\u4e8e\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u7075\u547d\u957f\u8fdb\u3001\u4f1a\u53cb\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u7231\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4e8b\u5949\uff1b4) \u4f1a\u53cb\u82e5\u72af\u4e0a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8fc7\u72af\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5904\u5206\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\"><sup>[43]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u4f1a\u5458\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6df1\u4fe1\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u91c7\u7eb3\u8036\u7a23\u5bf9\u5c3c\u54e5\u5e95\u6bcd\u8c08\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u88ab\u5723\u7075\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u91cd\u751f\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u795e\u7684\u56fd\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u7ea63:3-7\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u5723\u7ecf\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u81f3\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u8282\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ca\u63a5\u53d7\u6d78\u793c\u3002<\/p><ul><li>\u5bf9\u7f6a\u7684\u88ab\u8d23\u5907 \uff08\u5f922:37\uff09<\/li><li>\u4ece\u7f6a\u4e2d\u6094\u6539 \uff08\u5f922:38\uff09<\/li><li>\u91cd\u751f\u6216\u751f\u547d\u8f6c\u53d8 \uff08\u5f922:41\uff1b 8:37\uff09\u2015 \u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5723\u7075\u5e94\u7528\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u5728\u542c\u9053\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u79cd\u4e0b\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3 \uff08\u7ea65:24\uff1b\u63d0\u591a3:5\uff0c6\uff1b\u5f7c\u524d1:23-25\uff09\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u91cd\u751f\u5728\u6d78\u793c\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/li><li>\u6d78\u793c\uff08\u5f922:41\uff09<\/li><li>\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u8054\u7cfb \uff08\u5f922:44\uff1b4:32\uff09<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u4f1a\u5458\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f1a\u53cb\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u56db\u5230\u4e94\u8282\u8bf4\u540d\u4e86\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u300c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u80a2\u4f53\u4e5f\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7528\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u8eab\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7edc\u4f5c\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u300d \u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u79f0\u4e3a\u80a2\u4f53\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u201cMelos\u201d\uff08G=3196\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u8eab\u4f53\u91cc\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\"><sup>[44]<\/sup><\/a>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u5e94\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u80a2\u4f53\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb,\u4f1a\u5458\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u540c\u80a2\u4f53\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\"><sup>[45]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>\u975e\u5e38\u9057\u61be\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u80a2\u4f53\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb(interwoven relationship)\u5374\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u56e2\u805a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u5ffd\u7565\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u758f\u5ffd\uff08neglect\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u56e2\u805a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d3b\u51fa\u795e\u9884\u5907\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a><\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u516d\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u610f\u5473\u6bcf\u95f4\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u80fd\u8fa8\u522b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u95f4\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5404\u81ea\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u6e05\u695a\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5728\u54e5\u6797\u591a \u3000\u795e\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u8036\u7a23\u91cc\u6210\u5723\u3001\u8499\u53ec\u4f5c\u5723\u5f92\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5404\u5904\u6c42\u544a\u6211\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u3002\u300d\uff08\u6797\u524d1\uff1a2\uff09<\/p><p>\u300c\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u7684\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u95ee\u4f60\u4eec\u5b89\u3002\u4e9a\u5c45\u62c9\u548c\u767e\u57fa\u62c9\u5e76\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3b\u591a\u591a\u5730\u95ee\u4f60\u4eec\u5b89\u3002\u300d\uff08\u6797\u524d16\uff1a19\uff09<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u96c6\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u8fd0\u4f5c(visible operation)\u3002 <a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\"><sup>[47]<\/sup><\/a> \u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6559\u4f1a\u6216\u5b97\u6d3e\u6559\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u4fe1\u5f92\u8054\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u670d\u4f8d\u57fa\u7763\u3002<\/p><p>\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0a\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\u5982\u6b64\u5e94\u8bb8\uff1a\u300c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u5949\u6211\u7684\u540d\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u6211\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002\u300d\uff08\u9a6c\u592a18\uff1a20\uff09\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8bb8\uff0c\u82e5\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u5728:\u300c\u6211\u5c31\u5e38\u4e0e\u4f60\u4eec\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672b\u4e86\u3002\u300d\uff08\u9a6c\u592a28\uff1a20\uff09\u57fa\u7763\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u5728\u5e94\u8bb8\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5c0f\u81f3\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u81f3\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u5728\u3002<\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u5373\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u5730\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ca\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u795e\u5e94\u8bb8\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e0e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u540c\u5728\u3002\u4e0d\u5355\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8d50\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u6743\u67c4\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u9a6c\u592a18\uff1a15-20\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8bb8\u5723\u7075\u7684\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u818f\u62b9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3b\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u53ef\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u770b\u5230\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u9009\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20\u4e00\u7ae015-26\u8282\u91cc\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u5904\u7406\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\uff08\u9a6c\u592a18\uff1a15-20\uff09\u53ca\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ca\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c55\u5f00\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5de5\uff08\u5f9213\uff1a1-3\uff09\u3002<\/p><p>\u65b0\u7ea6\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5355\u987e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6b22\u8fce\u4f1a\u53cb\u8f6c\u4f1a\uff08\u7f5716\uff1a1\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u6e90\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u4e1c\u53d7\u9965\u8352\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff08\u6797\u524d16\uff1a1-4\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u727a\u7272\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c \u5374\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u9020\u5c31\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u7684\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u6709\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u91cc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u4e03\u95f4\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p><p>\u6b63\u5982\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u4e8c\u81f3\u4e09\u7ae0\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5411\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u57fa\u7763\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u300c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\"><sup>[49]<\/sup><\/a> \u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6d3e\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u867d\u7136\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u5b64\u5c9b\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u4e3b\u53c8\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u534f\u4f1a\u548c\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u534f\u4f1a\u6216\u8054\u4f1a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53ea\u662f\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u534f\u4f1a\u6216\u8054\u4f1a\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u6559\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u4e03\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u796d\u53f8\u804c\u4efd<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u8fd9\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e76\u975e\u8d77\u6e90\u81ea\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6a2a\u626b\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u6539\u9769\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f3a\u884c\u5212\u5206\u7267\u804c\u4e0e\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u796d\u53f8\u8fd9\u804c\u4efd\u53ea\u9650\u5236\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5168\u804c\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a><\/p><p>\u5728\u5f53\u65f6,\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7(1483-1546),\u6311\u6218\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5bf9\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ed6\u5ba3\u544a\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u662f\u796d\u53f8\u3002<\/p><p>\u6539\u9769\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5bf9\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u539f\u5219\u88ab\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u63a5\u7eb3\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f\u4f17\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u7eb3\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u771f\u7406\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6240\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a> \u00a0\u5723\u7ecf\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0b\u5217\u4e24\u53e5\u7ecf\u6587\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u60df\u6709\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u62e3\u9009\u7684\u65cf\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u541b\u5c0a\u7684\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u662f\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5c5e \u3000\u795e\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u8981\u53eb\u4f60\u4eec\u5ba3\u626c\u90a3\u53ec\u4f60\u4eec\u51fa\u9ed1\u6697\u5165\u5947\u5999\u5149\u660e\u8005\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f7c\u524d2\uff1a9\uff09<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftn52\" name=\"_ftnref52\"><\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftn53\" name=\"_ftnref53\"><\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftn76\" name=\"_ftnref76\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f94b9a\" data-id=\"8f94b9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c4d711 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c4d711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"#_ftn76\" name=\"_ftnref76\"><\/a><\/p><p>\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5347\u5165\u9ad8\u5929\u5c0a\u8363\u7684\u5927\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u3000\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f53\u6301\u5b9a\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u9053\u3002\u56e0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u796d\u53f8\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f53\u6064\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u51e1\u4e8b\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bd5\u63a2\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u7ba1\u5766\u7136\u65e0\u60e7\u5730\u6765\u5230\u65bd\u6069\u7684\u5b9d\u5ea7\u524d\uff0c\u4e3a\u8981\u5f97\u601c\u6064\uff0c\u8499\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u4f5c\u968f\u65f6\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5e0c\u4f2f\u67654\uff1a15-16\uff09<\/p><p>\u5728\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9009\u53ec\u5229\u672a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0e\u795e\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u795e\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u57fa\u7763\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u732e\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u7acb\u4e3a\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u5927\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u6210\u4e3a\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u662f\u541b\u5c0a\u7684\u796d\u53f8\uff08\u5f7c\u524d2\uff1a5\uff0c9\uff09\u3002 \u00a0<\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u6559\u4e49\u6307\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5747\u53ef\u900f\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u5230\u795e\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u6bcb\u987b\u900f\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5b83\u610f\u6307\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5747\u88ab\u53ec\u4f5c\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u670d\u4f8d\u53ca\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u795e\u7684\u7231\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn52\" name=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u4e3a\u541b\u5c0a\u796d\u53f8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\uff1f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u796d\u53f8\u80fd\u4e0e\u795e\u76f4\u63a5\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u6765\u5230\u795e\u7684\u53f0\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u62e6\u963b (\u5e0c\u4f2f\u67654\uff1a16)\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4eb2\u8fd1\u795e\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u795e\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u5e76\u77e5\u9053\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002<\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u6559\u6761\u81ea\u7136\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u541b\u5c0a\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f1a\u53cb\u80fd\u4e3a\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4f1a\u4f17\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f17\u662f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f.<a href=\"#_ftn53\" name=\"_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u5fc3\u7075\u80fd\u529b<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u80fd\u529b(Soul Competency)\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u662f\u5507\u9f7f\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002 \u4f5c\u8005\u5229\u5e03\u5c14(Bill J. Leonard) \u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p><p>\u300c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fbf\u4e00\u76f4\u628a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7075\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5507\u9f7f\u76f8\u4f9d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff09\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u2026\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5747\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u795e\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u8457\u6551\u6069\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5747\u80fd\u7c4d\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u53ca\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f3a\u5236\u6216\u9a9a\u6270\u4e0b\u6d3b\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0 \u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn54\" name=\"_ftnref54\">[54]<\/a><\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f53\u4ed6\u91cd\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0a\u6709\u80dc\u4efb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c \u8fd9\u6548\u7528\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p><ul><li>\u796d\u53f8\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u8ddf\u968f\u4ed6\u3002<\/li><li>\u796d\u53f8\u6709\u672c\u80fd\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u987a\u670d\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/li><li>\u796d\u53f8\u6709\u7279\u6743\u4eb2\u8fd1\u795e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u4ed6\u7948\u6c42\u53ca\u5411\u795e\u8ba4\u7f6a\u6c42\u8d66\u514d\u3002<\/li><li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u796d\u53f8\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6743\u5e26\u9886\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u795e\u8ddf\u524d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u53d1\u62d3\u4ed6\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u53ca\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u670d\u4f8d\u4ed6\u3002<\/li><\/ul><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u516b\uff09\u4fe1\u5f92\u6d17\u793c\u548c\u5b88\u4e3b\u9910<\/strong><\/h2><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u8d50\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u793c\u4eea\u8fd9\u5b57\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0a\uff1b\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u65e8\u610f\u300d\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u795e\u8d50\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6d78\u793c\u53ca\u4e3b\u9910\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u793c\u4eea\u662f\u4e3b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u9075\u5b88(\u9a6c\u592a28\uff1a19\uff1b\u8def\u52a022\uff1a19\uff1b\u6797\u524d11\uff1a23-26))\u3002<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u6d78\u793c<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u793c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793c\u4eea\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u91cd\u751f\u6bd4\u6d78\u793c\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn55\" name=\"_ftnref55\">[55]<\/a><\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u9519\u8bef\u4f7f\u7528\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8150\u8d25\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u628a\u6d78\u793c\u795e\u79d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6d78\u793c\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u5b9e\u884c\u6ef4\u793c\u6216\u6d12\u793c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5a74\u5b69\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u5426\u5b9a\u5a74\u5b69\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ea\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6d78\u793c\u3002\u5728\u8377\u5170\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u65bd\u8fc8\u5fb7\u7267\u5e08(John Smith)\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ea\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4e8c\u9879\u793c\u4eea\uff0c \u5373\u6d78\u793c\u53ca\u5b88\u4e3b\u9910\u3002<\/p><p>\u6d78\u793c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u751f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn56\" name=\"_ftnref56\">[56]<\/a><\/p><p>\u6d78\u793c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u9879\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c6: 3-4\uff09\uff1a\u5b83\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u540c\u6b7b\u540c\u57cb\u846c\uff0c\u6d78\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u6c34\u91cc\u5347\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5373\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f7f\u4fe1\u5f92\u6d3b\u51fa\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c6: 3-4\u91cc\u7684\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u82e5\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u6d78\u793c\u5c31\u610f\u5373\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u6d78\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn57\" name=\"_ftnref57\">[57]<\/a> \u51e0\u4e2a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u8005\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a<a href=\"#_ftn58\" name=\"_ftnref58\">[58]<\/a><\/p><p>\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7 \uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u4f1a\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4f1a\u8981\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u4eba\u6574\u4e2a\u6d78\u5230\u6c34\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u8fd9\u5b57\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u300d<\/p><p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u52a0\u5c14\u6587 \uff08\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u300cbaptize \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u610f\u601d\u8c61\u5f81\u6c89\u6d78\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u4f1a\u65bd\u884c\u6d78\u793c\u3002\u300d<\/p><p>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406 \uff08\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e00\u540c\u57cb\u846c\uff0c \u4ee5\u6d78\u793c\u4e3a\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u9075\u7167\u53e4\u4ee3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u4e3b\u9910<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6d3e\u628a\u4e3b\u9910\u89c6\u4e3a\u5723\u793c\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u9886\u53d7\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u997c\u548c\u676f\u7684\u786e\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u8089\u548c\u8840\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e3b\u9910\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5c31\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5f02\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u628a\u997c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff1b\u800c\u676f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u6d41\u7684\u5b9d\u8840\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9886\u53d7\u4e3b\u9910\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4e3b\u5728\u5341\u67b6\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u8981\u518d\u4e34\u3002<\/p><p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u8036\u7a23\u62ff\u8d77\u997c\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u300d\uff08\u8def\u52a022: 19\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u997c\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u610f\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5c06\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u538b\u4f24\u53ca\u7834\u788e\u3002\u95e8\u5f92\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u80af\u5b9a\u660e\u767d\u4e3b\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u7eaa\u5ff5\u57fa\u7763\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u9886\u53d7\u7684\u676f\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9d\u8840\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6d41\u5c3d\u3002<\/p><p>\u4e3b\u9910\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4f5c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u5728\u9886\u53d7\u4e3b\u9910\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u7b49\u5019\u4e3b\u7684\u518d\u4e34\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u9022\u5403\u8fd9\u997c\uff0c\u559d\u8fd9\u676f\uff0c\u662f\u8868\u660e\u4e3b\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u76f4\u7b49\u5230\u4ed6\u6765\u3002\u300d\uff08\u6797\u524d11: 26\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3b\u9910\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u3002<\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u4e5d\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\u300c\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u300d\u8fd9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u5723\u7ecf\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002<\/p><p>\u300c\u8036\u7a23\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u51ef\u6492\u7684\u7269\u5f53\u5f52\u7ed9\u51ef\u6492\uff0c\u3000\u795e\u7684\u7269\u5f53\u5f52\u7ed9\u3000\u795e\u3002\u300f\u300d\uff08\u9a6c\u53ef12:17\uff09<\/p><p>\u300c\u5f7c\u5f97\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u8bf4: \u300e\u542c\u4ece\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u542c\u4ece\u3000\u795e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u3000\u795e\u9762\u524d\u5408\u7406\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u914c\u91cf\u5427\uff01 \u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u6240\u542c\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u3002\u300f\u300d\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f204\uff1a19-20\uff09<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u4e4b\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4eec\u4e3a\u7740\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6297\u6218\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u4e5f\u5199\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u91cc\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5c31\u57282000\u5e74\u6240\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u5217\u660e:<\/p><p>\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6559\u6703\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u6697\u793a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e26\u4e0d\u59a8\u7919\u4eba\u9032\u5230\u795e\u7684\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u9818\u57df\u5167\u7d44\u6210\u548c\u5ba3\u50b3\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn59\" name=\"_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a><\/p><p>\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u7b26\u5408\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8d77\u521d\u662f\u653f\u6559\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u3002\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u738b\u4fe1\u6559\u540e\u624d\u4f7f\u6559\u4f1a\u53d8\u8d28\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f97\u5230\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u7edf\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5e72\u9884\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e6613:1-4\u6e05\u695a\u8bb2\u660e\u597d\u516c\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u987a\u670d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u638c\u6743\u8005\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u987a\u670d\u795e\u4e0e\u987a\u670d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u638c\u6743\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ea\u80fd\u987a\u670d\u795e\uff0c\u300c\u987a\u670d\u795e\uff0c\u4e0d\u987a\u4ece\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f925:29\uff09<\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u5341\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u53ca\u666e\u4e16\u5ba3\u6559<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u300c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u53bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e07\u6c11\u4f5c\u6211\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\uff0c\u5949\u7236\u3001\u5b50\u3001\u5723\u7075\u7684\u540d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u65bd\u6d17\u3002\u300d\uff08\u9a6c\u592a28\uff1a19\uff09<\/p><p>\u300c\u4f46\u5723\u7075\u964d\u4e34\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u5f97\u7740\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u5168\u5730\uff0c\u548c\u6492\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5730\u6781\uff0c\u4f5c\u6211\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f921\uff1a8\uff09<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u5927\u4f7f\u547d<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u672a\u5347\u5929\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d50\u4e0e\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u5927\u4f7f\u547d\u3002 \u5927\u4f7f\u547d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5728\u9a6c\u592a\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u7ae0\u5341\u4e5d\u8282\u91cc\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08Imperative Verb\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u95e8\u5f92\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u987a\u670d\u4e3b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5411\u5404\u65cf\u4e07\u6c11\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e07\u6c11\u4f5c\u95e8\u5f92\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0e\u666e\u4e16\u5ba3\u6559<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u65e9\u671f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u5148\u8f88\u5bf9\u5ba3\u6559\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u57281792\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William Carey\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u9996\u4e2a\u5ba3\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5dee\u4f1a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn60\" name=\"_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a> \u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u793e\u7fa4\u4e0d\u5355\u652f\u6301\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u65b0\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002 \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u4e8c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba3\u9053\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u3002<\/p><p>\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u9879\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bcf\u95f4\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u8981\u987a\u670d\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u795e\u5dee\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u5e26\u6765\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\uff0c \u57fa\u7763\u4e5f\u5dee\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5dee\u4e8b\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u6743\u53ca\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p><p>\u5ba3\u6559\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u987a\u670d\u4e3b\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e3b\u5fc5\u8d4f\u8d50\u3002\u6700\u5927\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u80fd\u8499\u795e\u7684\u795d\u798f\u5c31\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u3002<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\uff08\u5341\u4e00\uff09<\/strong><strong>\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2><ol><li><strong>\u6559\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u82f1\u8bed\u662f\u201cchurch polity\u201d\u3002\u201cPolity\u201d\u8fd9\u8bcd\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u201cpoliteuma\u201d,Thayer \u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5b57\u5178\u8bd1\u4e3a \u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 \u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn61\" name=\"_ftnref61\"><sup>[61]<\/sup><\/a> \u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4f53\u5236(Baptist Polity)\u662f\u8c08\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u201cPolity\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u6cbb\u7406\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u6559\u4f1a\u4e94<\/strong> <strong>\u79cd\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><ul><li>\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u2014\u2014\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u50cf\u541b\u4e3b\u4e00\u6837\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u3002<\/li><li>\u4e3b\u6559\u5236\u2014\u2014\u6559\u4f1a\u7531\u4e3b\u6559\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/li><li>\u957f\u8001\u5236\u2014\u2014\u6559\u4f1a\u7531\u957f\u8001\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/li><li>\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u6559\u4f1a\u7531\u6210\u5458\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002<\/li><li>\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u2014\u2014 \u4f1a\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\uff08\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u5236\uff09<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4e00\u6240\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u4ece\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4e3b\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u67c4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u6240\u5730\u65b9\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u4e3b\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u6bcf\u95f4\u5730\u65b9\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c5e\u4e8e\u59d0\u59b9\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u53ca\u8054\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u670d\u4f8d\u53ca\u5e7f\u96c6\u8d44\u6e90\u63a8\u52a8\u795e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn62\" name=\"_ftnref62\">[62]<\/a><\/p><p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u90fd\u5949\u884c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4f1a\u4f17\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u300c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn63\" name=\"_ftnref63\">[63]<\/a> \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u6761\u91cc\u4fe1\u5f92\u7686\u796d\u53f8\u8fd9\u4fe1\u6761\u4e5f\u4fc3\u6210\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u63a5\u7eb3\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5176\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5bfc\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u796d\u53f8\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u80fd\u4e3a\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u795e\u7684\u65e8\u610f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn64\" name=\"_ftnref64\">[64]<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u4f1a\u4f17\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u7ec4\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u7267\u5e08\u3001\u9886\u8896\u548c\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5c65\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u88ab\u9020\u5c31\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn65\" name=\"_ftnref65\">[65]<\/a> \u521a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9009\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u9886\u8896\u6765\u5e26\u9886\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba4\u53ef\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u9884\u7b97\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn66\" name=\"_ftnref66\">[66]<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong>\u4f1a\u8bae<\/strong> <strong>\u2014<\/strong> <strong>\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u6784<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f1a\u4f17\u5236\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5b9a\u65f6\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Business Meeting)\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u91cc\uff0c\u4f1a\u53cb\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u6743\u3002\u5728\u4f5c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f1a\u53cb\u90fd\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b9a\u65f6\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae, \u4ee5\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9886\u8896\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4f5c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"6\"><li><strong>\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u9074\u9009<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u662f\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u88ab\u63d0\u8bae\u3001\u9074\u9009\u53ca\u6309\u7acb\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u4f20 1:23-26;\u00a0 14:23\uff1b\u63d0\u591a1:5\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn67\" name=\"_ftnref67\">[67]<\/a> \u00a0\u5728\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c \u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u4f8d\u5c97\u4f4d\u670d\u4f8d\u795e\u53ca\u4f1a\u4f17\uff0c\u5982\uff1a \u6559\u7267\u56e2 \u961f\u3001\u957f\u8001\u3001\u6267\u4e8b\u3001\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3001\u90e8\u4eec\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn68\" name=\"_ftnref68\"><sup>[68]<\/sup><\/a> \u9886\u8896\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u9886\u8896\u80fd\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u8d50\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"7\"><li><strong>\u6559\u4f1a\u7684<\/strong><strong>\u7267\u5e08\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u529b<\/strong> <strong>\u2014<\/strong> <strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fd8\u662f\u8bef\u89e3\uff1f<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u6559\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u4e0d\u662f\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u540c\u7d1a\u5225\u4e2d\u5730\u4f4d\u6700\u9ad8\u8005\u300d(he is first among leaders)\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn69\" name=\"_ftnref69\">[69]<\/a> \u8981\u5728\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5f53\u7267\u5e08\u5c31\u8981\u6548\u6cd5\u4e3b\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u300c\u8c01\u60f3\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f5c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4ec6\u5f79\u3002\u300d\uff08\u9a6c\u592a20:26 \u65b0\u91ca\u672c\uff09\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p><ol start=\"8\"><li><strong>\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u6027\u522b<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u4f5c\u795e\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u4e0a\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u62c5\u4efb\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6e05\u695a\u5217\u5728\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f2000\u91cc\uff1a\u300c \u6559\u6703\u8056\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u662f\u7267\u5e2b\u548c\u57f7\u4e8b\uff0c\u7576\u5177\u6069\u8cdc\u7684\u7537\u5973\u4e8b\u5949\u6559\u6703\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6309\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u7267\u5e2b\u7684\u8077\u4efd\u662f\u7537\u6027\u3002\u300d <a href=\"#_ftn70\" name=\"_ftnref70\"><sup>[70]<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol start=\"9\"><li><strong>\u7267\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7267\u7f8a\u4eba\uff0c\u76d1\u7763\u8005\u548c\u957f\u8001<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u7267\u517b\u4f1a\u4f17\uff0c\u76d1\u7763\u53ca\u4f5c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u957f\u8005\uff08\u5f7c\u524d\u4e941-3\uff09\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u7267\u4f1a\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u8981\u5582\u517b\u7f8a\u7fa4\uff0c\u5373\u8981\u4f9b\u5e94\u5c5e\u7075\u7cae\u98df\u7ed9\u7f8a\u7fa4\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn71\" name=\"_ftnref71\">[71]<\/a> \u7267\u5e08\u4e5f\u6267\u884c\u957f\u8001\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6210\u719f\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7267\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u957f\u8001\u662f\u6307\u300c\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u6210\u719f\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn72\" name=\"_ftnref72\">[72]<\/a> \u7267\u5e08\u4e5f\u662f\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u7267\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7267\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u7267\u5e08\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u795e\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn73\" name=\"_ftnref73\">[73]<\/a><strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 14px; color: var( --e-global-color-text );\">\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>10. \u7267\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ec6\u4eba\u9886\u8896\u3001\u8235\u624b\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u5458<\/strong><\/p><p>\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u4e4b\u9886\u5bfc\u98ce\u683c\u5c5e\u4ec6\u4eba\u5f0f\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6743\u529b\u670d\u4eba\uff08\u9a6c\u592a20\uff1a25-28\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn74\" name=\"_ftnref74\">[74]<\/a> \u7267\u5e08\u4e5f\u5982\u4e00\u8258\u8239\u7684\u8235\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u8239\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn75\" name=\"_ftnref75\">[75]<\/a> \u7267\u5e08\u4e5f\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn76\" name=\"_ftnref76\">[76]<\/a><\/p><hr style=\"height: 1px; border: none; color: #333; background-color: #333;\" \/><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Charles H. Morris, <em>Baptist Distinctive and Polity<\/em> (Penang: Baptist Theological Seminary, 1987), 3.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c 4.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, <em>The Baptist People<\/em> (Penang: Malaysia Baptist Theological Seminary, 2007), 18.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u300220.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c21.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c 21-22.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u5510\u4f51\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u2014\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c2004\u5e74\u56db\u6708\uff09, 18.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0 Thomas C.M. Chin 22.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0Thomos\u00a0 C.M. Chin, 23\u5c81<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Thomos C.M. Chin, 23.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Charles H. Morris,6.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Thomos C.M. Chin, 23.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u624b\u518c\u4fee\u8ba2\u59d4\u529e\u4f1a\uff0c\u300a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff0c\u8427\u7ef4\u5143\u4e3b\u7f16\uff08\u69df\u57ce\uff1a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6d78\u4fe1\u8054\u4f1a\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff09\uff0c38.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin,24.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u624b\u518c\u4fee\u8ba2\u59d4\u529e\u4f1a\uff0c38\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c38\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c38\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c38\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u624b\u518c\u4fee\u8ba2\u59d4\u529e\u4f1a\uff0c38.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c39.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c152.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a,\u00a0\u00a0 121.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin\uff0c27-28.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u9ec4\u6ee1\u5174\u7b49\uff0c\u300a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d6a\u6f6e\u6d8c\u8fdb\u6765\u300b\uff0c\uff08\u5409\u9686\u5761\uff1a\u6587\u6865\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2009\uff09\uff0c221.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> http:\/\/jbbc.my\/the-story-of-johor-bahru-baptist-church\/ ,\uff08\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u4e94\u65e5 8.11am\uff09.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin\uff0c28.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u90a2\u4f1f\u6797\uff0c\u300a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u6839\u6e90\u53ca\u7279\u8272\u300b\uff0c\u5b59\u5b9d\u73b2\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c2001\uff09\uff0c47.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 36.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a, 36.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u90a2\u4f1f\u6797, 54.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 36.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u5510\u4f51\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0 \u2013 \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c2004\u5e74\uff0c 26.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> ThomasC.M. Chin, 37.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> Charles H. Morris,31.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u5510\u4f51\u4e4b\uff0c27.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> Charles H. Morris, 7.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a, 7-8<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c22.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a, 24.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a, 31.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 38.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u90a2\u4f1f\u6797, 98.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a>\u00a0 \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c97.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a>Charles H. Morris\uff0c99.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a>\u540c\u4e0a, 99.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a>\u540c\u4e0a, 99.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a>\u540c\u4e0a, 179.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c194.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin\uff0c45.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u90a2\u4f1f\u6797, 68-69.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> Charles H. Morris, 75.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u90a2\u4f1f\u6797\uff0c67.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 48.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u90a2\u4f1f\u6797\uff0c71-72.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 41.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66 6:3-4.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 42.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> Rick Warren, \u300a\u52a0\u5165\u6559\u4f1a \u2013 \u76f4\u5954\u6807\u6746101\u8bfe\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u6768\u9ad8\u4fd0\u7406\uff08\u5409\u9686\u5761\uff1a\u4e66\u82b1\u4e66\u5ba4\uff0c1999\uff09\uff0c12\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u4fe1\u606f(2000\u5e74), https:\/\/bfm.sbc.net\/chinese\/ (\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c3.11pm)\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 24.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a> \u5723\u7ecf\u8bcd\u5178\uff0chtps:\/\/www.studylight.org\/lexicons\/eng\/greek\/4175.html\/ \uff08\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c5.30pm\uff09\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 62.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a> Garrett, Perspectives on Church Government: Five Views of Church Polity, 176, quoted in R. Stanton Norman,\u00a0 The Baptist Way \u2013 Distinctives of a Baptist Church ( Nashville: Broadman &amp; Halman Publishers, 2005), 75-76\/19,\u00a0 Google Book.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, 48.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a, 65.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c67\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c70\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c69\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\">[69]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c75\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a> \u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0chttps:\/\/bfm.sbc.net\/chinese\/ \uff08\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c6.40pm\uff09\u3002<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a> Rick Warren, 99.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c 99.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c 99.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\">[74]<\/a> Thomas C.M. Chin, \u00a074.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\">[75]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c 75.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\">[76]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c 75.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90 \u5b83\u7684\u8d77\u70b9 \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ffd\u8ff0\u81f3\u300c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7-\u7ea6\u65e6\u6cb3-\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7406\u8bba\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0&#8221;\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0&#8221;\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f33:1-6\uff09\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148 \u3002\u8fd9\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7275\u5f3a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u4e0e\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u65bd\u6d17\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u6094\u6539\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6d78\u6d17\u793c\u662f\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4fe1\u5f92\u5fc3\u91cc\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u751f\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e666:3-4\uff09\u3002[1] \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u9f13\u5439\u300c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u6559\u7687\u3002[2] \u800c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5374\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u6d78\u793c\u662f\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002 \u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u4e0e\u300c\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u300d\uff08ANA-BAPTIST\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002[3] \u8c01\u662f\u300c\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u300d\uff1f \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u6539\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u66ff\u4fe1\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u65bd\u884c\u6d78\u793c\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u5a74\u513f\u65f6\u671f\u5df2\u53d7\u4e86\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u91cd\u6d78\u6d3e\u53d7\u5230\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u9177\u5211\u3001\u6eba\u6c34\u548c\u711a\u70e7\u3002[4] \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u662f\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u9769\u548c\u51c0\u5316\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u610f\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u3002[5] \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u51c0\u5316\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5723\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u793c\u62dc\u3002[6] \u8377\u5170\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a \u65bd\u9081\u5fb7(John Smyth)\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e00\u7fa4\u6709\u540c\u6837\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u76d6\u6069\u65af\u4f2f\u52d2(Gainsborough)\u7ec4\u6210\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7acb\u7ea6\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u9075\u5b88\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5faa\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5d07\u5c1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u8457\u91cd\u793c\u62dc\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u65e0\u7279\u6b8a\u5723\u804c\uff0c\u7267\u5e08\u53ca\u6267\u4e8b\u7531\u4f1a\u4f17\u9009\u51fa\u3002\u7267\u5e08\u53ca\u6267\u4e8b\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u4f1a\u4f17\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7531\u4f1a\u53cb\u81ea\u7531\u5949\u732e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7ed9\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u3002[7] \u65bd\u9081\u5fb7\u88ab\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u5f53\u5c40\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4fbf\u9003\u5230\u8377\u5170\u3002\u5728\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u65bd\u9081\u5fb7\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u6d78\u793c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u5e0c\u5c14\u536b (Thomas Helwys) \u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u6d78\u793c\u3002\u65bd\u9081\u5fb7\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u3007\u4e5d\u5e74\u5728\u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u95f4\u82f1\u6587\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002[8] \u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u95f4\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a \u5e0c\u5c14\u536b\u5e26\u9886\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u4e00\u4e00\u5e74\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u53f2\u5fc5\u5ea6\u83f2\u65af(Spitalfields)\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002[9] \u4ed6\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u4e00\u516d\u5e74\u6b7b\u4e8e\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u662f\u7a46\u767b(John Murton)\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e8e\u4e00\u516d\u4e8c\u516d\u5e74\u6b7b\u4e8e\u76d1\u72f1\u3002 \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a \u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e \u81ea\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u79cd\u79cd\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u516d\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u4ecd\u6709\u4e94\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u516d\u4e94\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002[10] \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u516d\u516d\u3007\u5e74\u6709\u4e24\u767e\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\u3002[11] \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u8896\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u548c\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ecf\u5e38\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u4e3e\u884c\u3002 \u4e00\u516d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u9898\u4e3a&#8221;\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6cd5&#8221;(The Act of Toleration)\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u7ba1\u5236\u3002[12] \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e \u867d\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u8feb\u5bb3\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u76db\u884c\u3002\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u9003\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u907f\u96be\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u7f57\u54f2(William Rogers)\u662f\u9003\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u524d\u5f80\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1639\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u7f57\u54f2\u53cd\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e3b\u5f20\u5723\u7ecf\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002[13] \u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u3007\u3007\u5e74\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\u3002\u5230\u4e00\u4e03\u4e5d\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e5d\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u4e5d\u5ea7\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u3002[14] \u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u516b\u4e00\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5dde\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6709\u5341\u4e03\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u540d\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u6559\u5f92\u3002[15] \u4e00\u516b\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u5317\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e03\u9053\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5dee\u4f20\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e09\u9879\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e26\u7ed9\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002[16] \u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u56e2 \u4e00\u516b\u4e09\u516d\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u53d4\u672b\u58eb(JOHN LEWIS SHUNCK) \u5230\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[17] 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